Method for cutting rare earth alloy, method for manufacturing rare earth alloy plates and method for manufacturing rare earth alloy magnets using wire saw, and voice coil motor

ABSTRACT

A method for cutting a rare earth alloy according to the present invention includes the steps of: a) supplying slurry containing abrasive grains onto a wire; and b) machining the rare earth alloy with the abrasive grains, interposed between the wire and the rare earth alloy, by running and pressing the wire against the rare earth alloy. The slurry contains, as a main component, oil in which the abrasive grains are dispersed, and the viscosity of the slurry at 25° C. is in the range from 92 to 175 mPa.sec.

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

The present invention relates to respective methods for cutting a rareearth alloy, manufacturing rare earth alloy plates and manufacturingrare earth alloy magnets with a wire saw, and also relates to a voicecoil motor including the rare earth alloy magnet.

A technique of cutting an ingot of silicon with a wire saw to slice theingot into a large number of wafers is disclosed in Japanese Laid-OpenPublication No. 6-8234. In accordance with such a technique, a largenumber of wafers, each having a constant thickness, can besimultaneously sliced from an ingot by cutting the ingot with amulti-wire running while supplying some slurry containing abrasivegrains thereto.

On the other hand, in accordance with a known technique, an ingot of arare earth alloy is sliced using a rotating dicing blade, for example.However, such a technique using a dicing blade requires an undesirablylarge cutting margin, because the cutting edge of a dicing blade isthicker than that of a wire. Therefore, such a technique cannotcontribute to efficient use of valuable resources. A rare earth alloy issuitable for use as a magnet material, for instance. A magnet has founda wide variety of applications and is now broadly used for various typesof electronic appliances. Under the circumstances such as these, it ishighly desirable to cut down on the manufacturing cost per a rare earthmagnet. And the cost would be considerably reduced if a great number ofwafers could be produced simultaneously from an ingot of a rare earthalloy such that a cutting margin can be reduced by the use of a wire sawand that each wafer has a constant thickness.

However, no one has ever reported on successfully cutting a rare earthalloy in accordance with a practical wiresaw technique. The presentinventors experimentally cut an ingot of a rare earth alloy with a wiresaw. As a result, we found that since a slurry-circulating pipe wasclogged up in a very short amount of time with fine powder and grindingdebris (i.e., swarf or sludge) involved with wire sawing, no slurrycould be supplied to the wire after that, and the wire eventuallysnapped. If the slurry was entirely replaced every several hours inorder to avoid this problem, then wire sawing had to be suspended for awhile every time the slurry was replaced. Thus, such machining is notsuitable for mass production and it is virtually impossible to put suchmachining into practice. We also observed that since the sludge waseasily deposited in a cutting groove, the cutting resistance noticeablyincreased and the wire was even more likely to snap as a result.Furthermore, the cutting accuracy was found considerably deterioratedbecause various unwanted operating failures frequently happened duringthe cutting process. For example, the wire often disengaged fromrollers, around which the wire was wound, because the sludge was alsolikely to be deposited on the grooves of the rollers. None of theseproblems has ever been observed during cutting an ingot of silicon orglass in accordance with a conventional wire saw technique.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

A prime object of the present invention is providing respective methodsfor cutting a rare earth alloy and manufacturing rare earth alloy plateswith a wire saw to ensure a long-time continuous operation by preventingwire snapping and by drastically reducing the number of times the slurryis replaced.

Another object of the present invention is providing a method formanufacturing rare earth alloy magnets using the method for cutting arare earth alloy.

Still another object of the present invention is providing a voice coilmotor including a rare earth alloy magnet manufactured by the method ofthe present invention.

A method for cutting a rare earth alloy according to the presentinvention includes the steps of: a) supplying slurry containing abrasivegrains onto a wire; and b) machining the rare earth alloy with theabrasive grains, interposed between the wire and the rare earth alloy,by running and pressing the wire against the rare earth alloy. Theslurry contains, as a main component, oil in which the abrasive grainsare dispersed, and the viscosity of the slurry at 25° C. is in the rangefrom 92 to 175 mPa.sec.

In one embodiment of the present invention, sludge of the rare earthalloy involved with the step b) is separated from the slurry by amagnetic field.

In another embodiment, a magnet separator is used to generate a magneticfield of 0.3 tesla or more in a region through which the sludge isrecovered.

In still another embodiment, the running speed of the wire is set in therange from 420 to 760 meters per minute.

In still another embodiment, a wire saw machine is used. The wire sawmachine includes: a plurality of rollers rotatably supported, aplurality of ring-shaped grooves being formed on the outer circumferenceof each said roller at a predetermined pitch; and driving means forrotating the rollers and running the wire wound around the grooves ofthe rollers.

In still another embodiment, the surface of the outer circumference ofeach said roller is coated with ester-based urethane rubber.

In still another embodiment, the depth of the grooves of each saidroller is set at 0.3 mm or more.

In still another embodiment, the rare earth alloy is cut while the rareearth alloy is lowered downward closer to the running wire.

In still another embodiment, the rare earth alloy is held after the rareearth alloy has been divided into a plurality of blocks, and at leastpart of the slurry is supplied through a gap between the blocks.

Another method for cutting a rare earth alloy according to the presentinvention includes the steps of: a) supplying slurry containing abrasivegrains onto a wire; and b) machining the rare earth alloy with theabrasive grains, interposed between the wire and the rare earth alloy,by running and pressing the wire against the rare earth alloy. Theslurry contains, as a main component, oil in which the abrasive grainsare dispersed. And sludge of the rare earth alloy involved with the stepb) is separated from the slurry by a magnetic field.

Still another method for cutting a rare earth alloy according to thepresent invention includes the steps of: a) supplying slurry containingabrasive grains onto a wire; and b) machining the rare earth alloy withthe abrasive grains, interposed between the wire and the rare earthalloy, by running and pressing the wire against the rare earth alloy.The slurry contains, as a main component, oil in which the abrasivegrains are dispersed. A wire saw machine is used, and includes: aplurality of rollers rotatably supported, a plurality of ring-shapedgrooves being formed on the outer circumference of each said roller at apredetermined pitch; and driving means for rotating the rollers andrunning the wire wound around the grooves of the rollers. And the rareearth alloy is held after the rare earth alloy has been divided into aplurality of blocks, and at least part of the slurry is supplied througha gap between the blocks.

Yet another method for cutting a rare earth alloy according to thepresent invention includes the steps of: a) supplying slurry containingabrasive grains onto a wire; and b) machining the rare earth alloy withthe abrasive grains, interposed between the wire and the rare earthalloy, by running and pressing the wire against the rare earth alloy.The slurry contains, as a main component, oil in which the abrasivegrains are dispersed. A wire saw machine is used, and includes: aplurality of rollers rotatably supported, a plurality of ring-shapedgrooves being formed on the outer circumference of each said roller at apredetermined pitch; and driving means for rotating the rollers andrunning the wire wound around the grooves of the rollers. The depth ofthe grooves of each said roller is set at 0.3 mm or more.

A method for manufacturing rare earth alloy plates according to thepresent invention includes the steps of: forming an ingot of a rareearth alloy; and separating a plurality of rare earth alloy plates fromthe ingot of the rare earth alloy. The separating step includes thesteps of: supplying slurry containing abrasive grains onto a wire; andmachining the ingot with the abrasive grains, interposed between thewire and the ingot, by running and pressing the wire against the ingot.The slurry contains, as a main component, oil in which the abrasivegrains are dispersed, and the viscosity of the slurry at 25° C. is inthe range from 92 to 175 mPa.sec.

A method for manufacturing rare earth alloy magnets according to thepresent invention includes the steps of: making a sinter out of a rareearth magnetic alloy powder; and separating a plurality of rare earthalloy magnets from the sinter. The separating step includes the stepsof: supplying slurry containing abrasive grains onto a wire; andmachining the sinter with the abrasive grains, interposed between thewire and the sinter, by running and pressing the wire against thesinter. The slurry contains, as a main component, oil in which theabrasive grains are dispersed, and the viscosity of the slurry at 25° C.is in the range from 92 to 175 mPa.sec.

The voice coil motor of the present invention includes a rare earthalloy magnet manufactured by performing the steps of: making a sinterout of a rare earth magnetic alloy powder; and separating a plurality ofrare earth alloy magnets from the sinter. The separating step includesthe steps of: supplying slurry containing abrasive grains onto a wire;and machining the sinter with the abrasive grains, interposed betweenthe wire and the sinter, by running and pressing the wire against thesinter. The slurry contains, as a main component, oil in which theabrasive grains are dispersed, and the viscosity of the slurry at 25° C.is in the range from 92 to 175 mPa.sec.

In one embodiment of the present invention, the thickness of the rareearth alloy magnet is in the range from 0.5 to 3.0 mm.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

FIG. 1 is a flowchart illustrating the procedure of forming an Ne—Fe—Bpermanent magnet.

FIG. 2A is a front view of blocks of ingots secured to a work plate; and

FIG. 2B is a side view thereof.

FIG. 3A is a perspective view illustrating the main portion of a wiresaw machine preferably used in an embodiment of the present invention;and

FIG. 3B is a front view thereof.

FIG. 4 is a schematic representation illustrating a slurry circulatingsystem of the wire saw machine.

FIG. 5 is a perspective view illustrating a magnet separator providedfor the wire saw machine.

FIG. 6A is an axial cross-sectional view of a main roller; and

FIG. 6B is an axial cross-sectional view illustrating, on a largerscale, part of a cylindrical sleeve provided for the outer circumferenceof the main roller.

FIG. 7 is a graph illustrating a relationship between the flexure andthe speed of a wire.

FIG. 8 is a graph illustrating a relationship between the flexure of awire and the viscosity of slurry.

FIG. 9 is a graph illustrating a relationship between the work cuttingspeed and the planarity of a cut face of the work.

FIG. 10 is a graph illustrating a relationship between the number oftimes a wire snaps and the depth of grooves of a main roller.

FIG. 11 is a graph illustrating how the specific gravity of slurryvaries with a wire sawing time.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

The present inventors found that when a rare earth alloy was cut with awire saw, sludge of the rare earth alloy, resulting in oily slurryduring the machining, quickly precipitated in the slurry and aggregatedin a short amount of time. Based on this result, we regarded thisphenomenon as a principal factor of preventing cutting a rare earthalloy with a wire saw from being put into practice. If the aggregatedsludge obstructs the circulation of the slurry in a slurry-circulatingpipe of a wire saw machine, then the slurry-circulating pipe is cloggedup. Accordingly, it is impossible to carry out a long-time continuousoperation unless the slurry is replaced frequently.

The sludge precipitates and aggregates probably because the atomicweight of a rare earth element as a component of a rare earth alloy isrelatively large and because the specific gravity of the sludge islarger than that of the oil in the slurry. Oil having a viscosity ashigh as about 90 mPa.sec (at 25° C.) is selected as the oil for theslurry such that the abrasive grains, having a larger specific gravitythan that of the oil, are well dispersed in the slurry. The specificgravities of SiC, diamond and alumina (Al₂O₃), ordinarily used asabrasive grains, are in an approximate range from about 3 to about 4.The specific gravity of sludge caused when silicon or quartz glass iscut with a wire saw is also about 3 to about 4. Accordingly, if an ingotof silicon or quartz glass is cut in accordance with a wire sawtechnique, the sludge, as well as abrasive grains, is likely to beuniformly dispersed in the slurry, and hardly precipitates oraggregates. Therefore, no serious problems have ever been caused becauseof such precipitation or aggregation.

The problem of sludge aggregation seems to be solved by increasing theviscosity of slurry, because the sludge of a rare earth alloy could bedispersed more uniformly and more easily in the oil in such a case.However, we confirmed based on experimental results that variousproblems like wire snapping still happened even when the viscosity ofthe slurry was set higher. This is probably because the cuttingresistance of a rare earth alloy is far higher than that of silicon, forexample. In view of these facts, the present inventors intentionally setthe viscosity of slurry at a lower value than a conventional one,thereby increasing the cleanability or discharge efficiency of thesludge and reducing the cutting resistance of the rare earth alloy. Andwe decided to separate and remove the sludge from the slurry by amagnetic field in consideration of the properties of the sludge of arare earth alloy. Specifically, the sludge is hard to be dispersed butis easily attracted to a magnet. By taking these measures, clogging canbe eliminated from the inside of a circulating pipe, slurry no longerneeds to be replaced so frequently, and the cutting machine can beoperated continuously for a tremendously longer period of time comparedto the prior art.

It is noted that when the alloy sludge is attracted by the magneticfield, the sludge sometimes receives strong resistance depending on theviscosity of the oil. However, according to the present invention, theviscosity of oil used is set low and a magnet generating a strongmagnetic field is employed. Accordingly, the sludge can be separatedsufficiently and practically.

Hereinafter, preferred embodiments of the present invention will bedescribed with reference to the accompanying drawings.

First, an exemplary method for manufacturing rare earth alloy platesaccording to the present invention will be described. In thisembodiment, a ternary rare earth alloyed compound Nd—Fe—B, mainlycomposed of neodymium (Nd), iron (Fe) and boron (B), may be used.Alternatively, a rare earth alloyed compound, in which Dy (dysprosium)and Co (cobalt) are substituted for part of Nd and part of Fe,respectively, in Nd—Fe—B, may also be used. Nd—Fe—B is known as amaterial for a very strong neodymium magnetic having a maximum energyproduct exceeding 320 kJ/m³.

A method for producing an ingot of Nd—Fe—B will be briefly describedwith reference to the flowchart illustrated in FIG. 1. For more detailsabout a method for preparing a rare earth alloy as a magnet material,see U.S. Pat. No. 4,770,723, for example.

First, in Step S1 shown in FIG. 1, raw materials are exactly scaled at apredetermined ratio of mole fractions. Then, in Step S2, the rawmaterials are melted in a high-frequency melting furnace in vacuum orwithin an argon gas ambient. The molten raw materials are cast into awater-cooled mold, thereby preparing a raw material alloy at thepredetermined ratio. Next, in Step S3, the raw material alloy ispulverized to prepare fine powder having a mean particle size of about 3to about 4 μm. Subsequently, in Step S4, the fine powder is introducedinto a die assembly and subjected to press compacting in a magneticfield. During this process step, the press compacting is performed afterthe fine powder has been mixed with a caking additive if necessary.Then, in Step S5, a source material of a neodymium magnet is formed byconducting a sintering process at about 1,000° C. to about 1,200° C.Thereafter, in Step S6, an aging treatment is performed at about 600° C.in order to increase the coercive force of the magnet. An ingot of arare earth alloy can be prepared in this manner. The size of the ingotis 30 mm×50 mm×60 mm, for example.

In Step S7, the ingot of the rare earth alloy is cut and machined,thereby slicing the ingot into a plurality of thin plates (these plateswill be called sometimes “substrates” and sometimes “wafers”). Beforethe steps from Step S8 on are described, a method for cutting the ingotof a rare earth alloy in accordance with the wire saw technique of thepresent invention will be described in detail below.

FIGS. 2A and 2B will be referred to. First, a plurality of ingots 20,produced in accordance with the method described above, are adhered toeach other with an adhesive 22 made of an epoxy resin, for example. Andthe ingots 20 are secured to a ferrous work plate 26 after these ingotshave been stacked one upon the other to form a plurality of blocks 24 athrough 24 c. The work plate 26 and the blocks 24 a through 24 c arealso adhered to each other with the adhesive 22. More specifically, abase plate 28 made of carbon is placed as a dummy between the work plate26 and each of the blocks 24 a through 24 c. The carbon base plates 28are also adhered to the work plate 26 and the blocks 24 a through 24 cwith the adhesive 22. The carbon base plates 28 are cut by a wire sawafter the blocks 24 a through 24 c have been cut and until the workplate 26 stops lowering. That is to say, the base plates 28 function asa dummy for protecting the work plate 26.

In this embodiment, the size of each of the blocks 24 a through 24 c isdesigned at about 100 mm when measured in the direction indicated by thearrow A in FIG. 2A (hereinafter, this direction will be called a “wirerunning direction”). Since the size of each ingot 20 measured in thewire running direction is about 50 mm in this embodiment, each of theblocks 24 a through 24 c is made up by stacking a pair of ingots 20,disposed side by side in the wire running direction, one upon the other.

Also, in this specification, the ingots 20 secured to the work plate 26will be collectively called as “work”. By dividing this work into aplurality of blocks, the following effects can be attained.

If the size of a mass of work in the wire running direction is so largeas to exceed the maximum distance the slurry can reach, then the slurrycannot be supplied sufficiently to some of the regions of the work to becut. As a result, a wire possibly snaps. However, since the work of thisembodiment is divided into blocks 24 a through 24 c of an appropriatesize, the slurry can be supplied into the gaps between the blocks 24 athrough 24 c and therefore the problem of insufficiently supplied slurrycan be solved. In this embodiment, two slurry supply pipes 29 aredisposed on the work plate 26 to supply the slurry into the gaps betweenthe blocks 24 a through 24 c. And slurry containing fresh abrasivegrains is sprayed downward from the slurry supply pipes 29 and throughslit-shaped nozzles 29 a. The slurry supply pipes 29 receive freshslurry not containing sludge or slurry, from which the sludge has beenremoved, from a slurry supply tank (described later). The slurry supplypipes 29 have a double pipe structure, for example. And the width ofeach of the slits 29 a under the pipes 29 changes in the longitudinaldirection and is designed to supply the slurry uniformly. An exemplarystructure of slurry supply means usable as the slurry supply pipes 29 isdisclosed in Japanese Laid-Open Publication No. 7-195358, for example.

In this embodiment, the work is divided into a plurality of blocks.However, the size of each of the blocks 24 a through 24 c when measuredin the wire running direction is variable with the viscosity of theslurry and the wire running speed. The number and disposition of ingots20 making up one block are also variable with the size of each ingot 20.Accordingly, the work should be appropriately divided into blocks of anoptimum size in view of these factors.

Next, the main portion 30 of the wire saw machine preferably used inthis embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 3A and 3B.This wire saw machine includes three main rollers 34 a through 34 c,around which a single wire 32 can be wound numerous number of times.Among these rollers, two rollers 34 a and 34 b are rotatably supportedby the wire saw machine, but is not directly connected to any drivingmeans such as a motor. Thus, these rollers function as coupled drivingrollers. In contrast, the other main roller 34 c is connected to adriver such as a motor (not shown), receives desired rotation force fromthe driver and can rotate at a set speed. The main roller 34 c cantransmit rotation force to the other two main rollers 34 a and 34 b viathe wire 32, and therefore functions as a driving roller.

The wire 32 is guided while receiving a tension of several kilogramsweight in accordance with the rotation of the main rollers 34 a through34 c. And the wire 32 is let out from a reel (not shown) and wound onanother reel (not shown, either) while running at a predetermined speedin a specified direction (indicated by the arrows A, B and C in FIG.3B). It is noted that the outer diameter of the main rollers 34 athrough 34 c is about 170 mm and the axial length thereof is about 360mm in this embodiment.

On the outer surface of each main roller 34 a, 34 b, 34 c, a pluralityof grooves are formed at regular intervals as will be described later,and the single wire 32 is wound on each roller so as to be engaged withthese grooves. The arrangement pitch of the wire 32 (i.e., a gap betweenadjacent lines of the wire) is defined by the pitch of the grooves. Inthis embodiment, this pitch is set at about 2.0 mm. This pitch is set inaccordance with the thickness of a thin plate to be sliced off an ingotby cutting, and therefore multigroove rollers 34 a through 34 c havingan appropriate pitch are selectively used. The wire 32 is made of harddrawn steel wire (e.g., piano wire) and the thickness thereof is set inthe range from about 0.06 mm to about 0.25 mm.

During the cutting process, the work is pressed against a portion of therunning wire 32 that is stretched between the main rollers 34 a and 34b. In this embodiment, the slurry can be supplied onto the wire 32 fromat least three points, two of which correspond to the pipes 29 and theslit-shaped nozzles 29 a disposed in and above the work plate 26 tosupply the slurry through the gaps between the blocks. The other slurrysupply point is a nozzle 36 located on the left-hand side of the work inFIG. 3B. Optionally, the slurry may be supplied not only from thesenozzles 29 a and 36 but also from other nozzles. For example, the slurrymay be additionally supplied from the right-hand side of the work inFIG. 3B.

In this embodiment, the components of the slurry are prepared such thatthe viscosity of the resultant slurry at 25° C. falls within the rangefrom 92 to 175 millipascals per second (mPa.sec). Specifically, oilPS-L-30 manufactured by Palace Chemicals, Co., Ltd. is used. This oilcontains not only purified mineral oil (92.0%) as a main component, butalso an inorganic thickener (3.0%), a nonionic surfactant (2.2%), ananticorrosive (0.4%) and a dispersant (2.5%).

In this manner, an oil with a low viscosity is used in this embodiment.Thus, the sludge, produced within a cut groove being formed in an ingotof a rare earth alloy, rapidly flows out of the cut groove (i.e., thedischarge efficiency is high) and can be eliminated from the regionsubjected to the cutting process. Accordingly, the sludge depositedwithin the cut groove does not strongly interfere with the wire'srunning and the problem of wire snapping owing to the increase incutting resistance can be solved. In addition, since the viscosity ofthe slurry used is low, the amount of sludge transported by the runningwire to the main rollers can be reduced. As a result, the deposition ofthe sludge within the grooves of the main rollers can also besuppressed. Furthermore, since the viscosity of the slurry is low, thecirculating pipe and the nozzle holes are less likely to be clogged up.Consequently, wire snapping can be prevented and the wire can be easilyremoved from the work after the work has been cut. It is noted that thelower the viscosity of the slurry is, the more likely the slurry dripsfrom the running wire. However, since a sufficient amount of slurry canbe supplied to the wire and the cut face of the work by dividing thework into a plurality of blocks, no serious problem would happen.

FIG. 3B will be referred to again. During the work cutting process, thework plate 26 is moved downward along the arrow D by a driver (notshown) at a predetermined speed, so that the work secured to the workplate 26 is pressed against the wire 32 running horizontally. Bysupplying a sufficient amount of slurry to between the work and the wire32, the abrasive grains in the slurry are transported to between thework and the wire 32, thereby cutting the work. If the work plate 26 islowered at a higher speed, then the cutting efficiency can be improved.However, since the cutting resistance increases in such a case, the wire32 is likely to wave and the planarity of the cut face of the workpossibly decreases. If the planarity of the cut face of the workdecreases, then the time taken to perform polishing during a subsequentprocess step increases or defective products are formed at a higherpercentage. Accordingly, it is necessary to set the lowering speed, orthe cutting speed, of the work within an appropriate range. This pointwill be described in further detail later with reference to FIG. 9.

When the work is lowered downward, the wire 32 wound at a predeterminedpitch grinds the work as a multi-wire saw, thereby simultaneouslyforming a large number of machined grooves (cut grooves) in the work andincreasing the depth of the grooves as the machining proceeds. And whenthe machined grooves have completely passed through each ingot, thecutting process on the ingot is finished. As a result, a large number ofwafers, each having a thickness determined by the pitch of the wirelines and the thickness of the wire, are sliced from the ingotsimultaneously. After all the ingots 20 have been cut, the work plate 26is lifted by the driver along the arrow D. Thereafter, the respectiveblocks are removed from the work plate 26 and then the cut wafers areremoved from each block.

In this embodiment, the cutting process is carried out while loweringthe work from above the wire 32. Accordingly, the ingots 20, which havealready been cut, are still bonded to the work plate 26 with theadhesive 22 and lowered along with the work plate 26. In other words,the ingots 20, which have already been cut, are located under the wire32. Accordingly, even if the cut portions of the work happen to separateor drop from the work, such portions never come into contact with thewire 32 again. Thus, the alloy plates already cut are passed to the nextprocess step while maintaining high quality.

Next, the schematic arrangement of a slurry circulating system of thewire saw machine 40 will be described with reference to FIG. 4. Asschematically shown in FIG. 4, the wire saw machine 40 includes a slurrycirculating system for supplying the slurry to the main portion of themachine 40 and for recovering the used slurry containing the sludgeinvolved with the machining.

In this machine 40, the slurry is supplied from a slurry supply tank 42through a first slurry circulating pipe 44 into the slurry supply pipes29 and the nozzle 36 shown in FIG. 3B during the cutting process of thework. The slurry, which has been used for cutting, drips from themachined part and the surrounding regions thereof so as to be receivedby a recovering drain 37 located under the work plate 26. Then, theslurry is transported from the recovering drain 37 through a secondslurry circulating pipe 46 into a recovery tank 48, where the slurry issubjected to a sludge separation process by a magnet separator 50 to bedescribed later. The slurry, which has substantially regained itsinitial state before the cutting process, is transported through a thirdcirculating pipe 49 into the slurry supply tank 42.

In this embodiment, while the supply and recovery of the slurry areperformed in a cyclic fashion, the separation and removal (i.e.,filtering) of the sludge are carried out efficiently in this manner.Accordingly, the slurry needs to be replaced with a considerably longerinterval and the cutting process can be performed continuously for avery long period of time. Nevertheless, it is difficult to completelyseparate and remove all the sludge. Thus, the content of the sludge inthe slurry supplied to the wire 32 gradually increases and the viscosityof the slurry also increases little by little correspondingly.Accordingly, in order to maintain the viscosity of the slurry within adesired range, new slurry is preferably supplied at appropriate timeintervals. In such a case, the viscosity of the slurry may be actuallymeasured at regular intervals and if the viscosity of the slurry is outof the defined range, then new slurry may be supplied to the machine(e.g., the slurry supply tank 42) as required. Such partial supply ofthe slurry is totally different from the conventional overall exchangeof slurry in that this supply can be made without suspending the cuttingprocess.

Next, a magnet separator 50 will be described with reference to FIG. 5.This magnet separator 50 generates a magnetic field to separate thesludge from the used slurry (dirty liquid) 52 containing the sludge andreserved in a separation reservoir 54. The separation reservoir 54 isprovided with an opening 54 a, which is connected to the inside of therecovery tank 48 shown in FIG. 4. The magnet separator 50 includes: adrum 56 in which a strong magnet is disposed; and a squeezing roller 57rotating while keeping in close contact with part of the outercircumference of the drum 56. The drum 56 is supported to be rotatablearound a fixed axis and to be in partial contact with the slurry 52 inthe separation reservoir 54. The squeezing roller 57 is made of oilproofrubber or the like and is pressed against the outer circumference of thedrum 56 owing to the energizing force of a spring. When the drum 56 isrotated by a motor (not shown) in the direction indicated by the arrow,the rotation applies frictional force to the squeezing roller 57 andthereby rotationally drives the squeezing roller 57.

The sludge in the slurry 52 is attracted by the magnet in the drum 56and attached to the outer circumference of the rotating drum 56. Thesludge, attached to the outer circumference of the drum 56, is removedfrom the slurry 52 with the rotation of the drum 56, and then passesbetween the drum 56 and the squeezing roller 57. Then, the sludge isscraped off the surface of the drum 56 by a scraper 58 and thencollected in a sludge box 59. An exemplary structure of means forremoving sludge usable as the magnet separator 50 is disclosed, forexample, in Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 63-23962. Accordingto the results of experiments performed by the present inventors(described later), the magnetic field at the outer circumference (sludgerecovery face) of the drum 56 in the slurry 52 is preferably set at 0.3tesla or more to attract the rare earth alloy in the oil to the surfaceof the drum 56. Since the viscosity of the slurry is low in thisembodiment, the magnet separator 50 can advantageously recover thesludge of the rare earth alloy easily. This is because a lot of sludgecan be recovered more efficiently owing to the reduction in viscous dragapplied to the sludge moving in a magnetic field formed in the slurry52.

If the sludge is removed efficiently by using such a separator, then theviscosity of the slurry can be kept low. In addition, the cut loadapplied to the wire at the cut face of the work can be maintained at asufficiently low level for a long period of time.

Next, the configuration of the main rollers 34 a through 34 c will bedescribed with reference to FIGS. 6A and 6B. FIG. 6A illustrates theaxial cross section of the main rollers 34 a through 34 c. FIG. 6B is anaxial cross-sectional view illustrating, on a larger scale, part of acylindrical sleeve provided for the outer circumference of the mainrollers 34 a through 34 c.

In this embodiment, the sleeve 62 is made of urethane rubber. As shownin FIG. 6B, ring-shaped grooves 64 are provided at a predetermined pitchon the outer circumference of the sleeve 62. The wire 32 is engaged withthe grooves 64 and wire lines are formed at a predetermined pitch. Thesleeve 62 is adhered to the outer circumference of a cylindrical holder60 and can rotate integrally with the holder 60. A pair of concaveportions are provided for both end faces of the holder 60, which arerotatably supported by convex portions provided for the wire sawmachine. FIGS. 3A and 3B show a state where a single wire 32 is woundaround a large number of grooves 64 of the main rollers 34 a through 34c.

The main rollers 34 a through 34 c of this embodiment are characterizedby the material of the sleeve 62 and the depth of the grooves 64 formedin the sleeve 62. The sleeve 62 used in this embodiment is made ofester-based urethane rubber. In a conventional machine for cutting asilicon ingot with a wire saw, the sleeve is made of ether-basedurethane rubber such that the grooves can be formed with higherprecision. However, we confirmed based on experimental results that asleeve made of ether-based urethane rubber is very likely to swell withrespect to the slurry oil mainly composed of mineral oil used in thisembodiment and adversely decreases the abrasion resistance of therollers. Accordingly, such sleeves are unusable in only about 10 hoursof continuous operation, and therefore far from being practicallyusable. The oil preferably used in this embodiment contains a surfactantor dispersant at a relatively low concentration. Accordingly, althoughthe ether-based urethane rubber does not swell with respect to theslurry used for cutting a silicon ingot with a wire saw, the rubberseems to swell more easily with such an oil. Ester-based urethane rubberhaving high hardness is relatively expensive. However, the rubber shouldbe used in order to enable a long-time continuous operation using theoil of this embodiment. If the main rollers are formed using theester-based urethane rubber, then the surface of the rollers show highhardness. Accordingly, the machine can be operated for as long as about700 hours substantially without causing the problem of swelling.

In the main rollers 34 a through 34 c of this embodiment, grooves 64having a depth of 0.3 mm or more are formed. In cutting a silicon ingotwith a conventional machine, the depth of the grooves is set at most atabout 0.2 mm. However, if a viscous ingot such as an ingot of a rareearth alloy is machined with main rollers having such shallow grooves,then the wire is flexed to a large degree and frequently disengages fromthe grooves. As a result, the wire snaps because adjacent parts of thewire come into contact with each other. In contrast, if the depth of thegrooves is set at 0.3 mm or more, such a problem can be eliminated.

Next, detailed parameters such as the speed of the wire, the viscosityof the slurry and the work cutting speed will be described withreference to FIGS. 7 through 11.

FIG. 7 illustrates a relationship between the flexure and the speed(i.e., the speed at which the wire is wound or runs) of a wire(diameter: 0.18 mmφ). The experiments were performed while setting thework lowering speed at a substantially constant value in the range from15 mm/hr to 25 mm/hr. It is noted that similar results to those shown inFIG. 7 were obtained when the work lowering speed was in the range from15 mm/hr to 30 mm/hr.

If work cutting with a wire does not proceed smoothly, then the flexureof the wire increases. This means that the cutting resistance of work islarge and the work cannot be cut with satisfactory efficiency. Statedotherwise, if the flexure of a wire is small, then the work can be cutwith good efficiency. As shown in FIG. 7, while the wire speed is withinthe range from 420 m/min. to 760 m/min., the flexure can be suppressedat 8 mm or less. On the other hand, while the wire speed is out of therange from 420 m/min. to 760 m/min., the flexure abruptly increases. Ifthe wire speed is increased, then the depth of the cutting edge (i.e.,the depth of a part of the rare earth alloy that is cut and ground bythe abrasive grains on the wire) increases to a certain degree. However,when the wire speed is too much increased, a sufficient amount of slurrycannot reside on the wire and the depth of the cutting edgesubstantially decreases. While the wire speed is in the range from 500m/min. to 670 m/min., the flexure settles at a minimum level.Accordingly, the wire speed is preferably set within the range from 420m/min. to 760 m/min., more preferably within the range from 500 m/min.to 670 m/min.

FIG. 8 illustrates a relationship between the flexure of a wire and theviscosity of slurry. As shown in FIG. 8, while the viscosity of theslurry at 25° C. is in the range from 92 mPa.sec. to 175 mPa.sec., theflexure is 14 mm or less and the cutting efficiency is satisfactory. Inparticular, while the viscosity of the slurry at 25° C. is in the rangefrom 110 mPa.sec. to 150 mPa.sec., the flexure is 8 mm or less and thecutting efficiency reaches a more desirable level. If the viscosity ofthe slurry is high, the sludge of the rare earth alloy is likely to bedeposited within the cut grooves of the work. Accordingly, the cuttingresistance increases whereas the cutting efficiency decreases. As aresult, the flexure of the wire adversely increases. In view of thesefactors, the viscosity of the slurry at 25° C. is set preferably withinthe range from 92 mPa.sec. to 175 mPa.sec., more preferably within therange from 110 mPa.sec. to 150 mPa.sec.

FIG. 9 illustrates a relationship between the work cutting speed and theplanarity of a cut face of the work. The cutting speed corresponds tothe lowering speed of the work or the work plate. As shown in FIG. 9, asthe work cutting speed increases, the planarity of the cut face of thework deteriorates. Once the planarity exceeds 0.030 mm, the workefficiency decreases as a whole in view of the time required for asubsequent polishing process step. Accordingly, the planarity ispreferably 0.030 mm or less, and the work cutting speed is alsopreferably adjusted such that the planarity of the machined face becomes0.030 mm or less. Consequently, in this embodiment, the work cuttingspeed is preferably set at 29 mm/hr. or less.

FIG. 10 illustrates a relationship between the number of times a wiresnaps and the depth of grooves of a main roller. As shown in FIG. 10, ifthe depth of the grooves is 0.3 mm or more, the number of times wiresnaps abruptly decreases. If the depth of the grooves of a main rolleris 0.5 mm or more, the possibility of wire snapping is considerablylower. And if the depth of the grooves is 0.6 mm or more, snappingrarely occurs. Accordingly, the depth of the grooves needs to be 0.3 mmor more in practice and is preferably 0.5 mm or more and more preferably0.6 mm or more. Though not shown in FIG. 10, if the depth of the groovesis less than 0.3 mm, the wire snaps 15 times or more a month.

FIG. 11 is a graph illustrating how the specific gravity of slurryvaries with a wire sawing time. The higher the concentration of the rareearth alloy sludge in the slurry is, the larger the specific gravity ofthe slurry is. In view of this phenomenon, we analyzed how theconcentration of the sludge increases with the operation time of themachine. In FIG. 11, data about the following three cases areillustrated. Namely, a case where the magnet separator is not used isidentified with ▪; a case where a magnet separator applying a magneticfield of 0.1 tesla at the surface of the drum is identified with ♦; anda case where a magnet separator applying a magnetic field of 0.3 teslaat the surface of the drum is identified with ▴. As can be understoodfrom FIG. 11, if the magnetic field applied at the surface of the drumis 0.3 tesla, then the specific gravity of the slurry is kept at asubstantially constant level of about 1.5. This means that the sludgehas been sufficiently separated and recovered and therefore a long-timecontinuous operation can be performed without totally replacing theslurry. It is noted that if the magnetic field strength is less than 1tesla, then the wire snaps after the machining has been performed forfour hours in the same way as in not using the magnet separator.

FIG. 1 will be referred to again. The rare earth alloy plates, whichhave been cut in the above-described manner, are finished by polishingto adjust the sizes and shapes thereof. Thereafter, in Step S8, thesealloy plates are subjected to a surface treatment in order to improvethe long-term reliability thereof. And in Step S9, a magnetic fieldstrong enough to turn these alloy plates into permanent magnets isapplied to these plates, which are passed through a testing processthereafter. A neodymium permanent magnet is completed in this manner.

As described above, the method for manufacturing rare earth alloy platesaccording to the present invention can attain the following numerouseffects:

1. The slurry can be discharged from the cut face of the work withhigher efficiency. Accordingly, the cutting resistance applied to thewire decreases and long-time continuous cutting is realized.

2. By preventing the wire from disengaging from the grooves of the mainrollers, wire snapping can be avoided and the planarity of the cut faceof the work can be improved. As a result, the production yield of theproducts can be increased.

3. The wire saw can cut the rare earth alloy with optimized efficiency.

4. sufficient amount of slurry can be appropriately supplied to the cutface of the work and can be removed therefrom efficiently.

5. The sludge can be removed efficiently from the slurry. Accordingly,the cutting load applied to the wire at the cut face of the work can bereduced and the cutting speed thereof can be increased even if theslurry is not replaced so often.

6. Even if the work collapses, the quality of the products does notdeteriorate because the products do not come into contact with the wire.

In the foregoing description, a preferred embodiment of the presentinvention have been described as being applied to a method formanufacturing rare earth alloy plates. However, the present invention isnot limited to such an embodiment in any way. For example, the cuttingmethod of the present invention is appropriately applicable to themanufacturing of rare earth alloy products and parts to have any othershape than plates through machining.

Also, in the foregoing embodiment, a material for a sintered rare earthmagnet (i.e., Nd—Fe—B) is used as an object to be machined. However, thepresent invention can attain the same effects as those described in theforegoing embodiment even when any other rare earth alloy is used as anobject to be machined. This is because rare earth alloys commonly havehigh cutting resistance and easily allow sludge to aggregate.

If rare earth alloy magnets are manufactured in accordance with theabove-described method, the cutting margin may be smaller compared withcutting an ingot of a rare earth alloy using a peripheral cutting edge.Accordingly, the method of the present invention is suitable formanufacturing thinner magnets (having a thickness of 0.5 to 3.0 mm, forexample). Recently, the thickness of a rare earth magnet used for avoice coil motor has been reduced year after year. Thus, if such a thinrare earth alloy magnet manufactured by the method of the presentinvention is attached to a voice coil motor, a high-performancedownsized voice coil motor can be provided.

According to the present invention, even when a rare earth alloy is cutwith a wire saw, wire snapping can be prevented and the slurry needs tobe replaced a considerably fewer number of times. As a result, themachine can be operated continuously for a much longer period of time.

What is claimed is:
 1. A method for cutting a rare earth alloy magnet,including an Nd—Fe—B compound comprising the steps of: a) supplyingslurry containing abrasive grains onto a wire, the slurry containing, asmain component, oil in which the abrasive grains are dispersed, andexhibiting a viscosity at 25° C. in the range from 92 to 175 mPa.sec;and machining the rare earth alloy magnet with the abrasive grains,interposed between the wire and the rare earth alloy magnet, by runningand pressing the wire against the rare earth alloy magnet.
 2. The methodof claim 1, wherein said machining produces magnetic sludge, and furthercomprising the step of separating sludge of the rare earth alloy magnetinvolved with the step b) from the slurry using a magnetic field.
 3. Themethod of claim 2, further comprising the step of providing a magnetseparator to generate a magnetic field of 0.3 tesla or more.
 4. Themethod of claim 1, further comprising the step of running the wire inthe range from 420 to 760 meters per minute.
 5. The method of one ofclaims 1 to 4, further comprising the step of providing a wire sawmachine comprising: a plurality of rollers rotatably supported, aplurality of ring-shaped grooves being formed on the outer circumferenceof each said roller at a predetermined pitch; and driving means forrotating the rollers and running the wire wound around the grooves ofthe rollers.
 6. The method of claim 5, further comprising the step ofcoating the surface of the outer circumference of each said roller withester-based urethane rubber.
 7. The method of claim 5, furthercomprising the step of setting the depth of the grooves of each rollerto 0.3 mm or more.
 8. The method of claim 1, further comprising thesteps of dividing the rare earth alloy magnet into a plurality ofblocks, creating a gap, and supplying at least part of the slurrythrough the gap between the blocks.
 9. The method of claim 1, whereinsaid machining step includes lowering the rare earth alloy magnetagainst the wire while running and pressing the wire against the rareearth magnet.
 10. A method for manufacturing rare earth alloy plates,comprising the steps of: forming an ingot of a rare earth alloy magnetincluding an Nd—Fe—B compound; and separating a plurality of rare earthalloy plates from the ingot of the rare earth alloy magnet, saidseparating step comprising the steps of: supplying slurry containingabrasive grains onto a wire, the slurry containing, as a main component,oil in which the abrasive grains are dispersed, and exhibiting aviscosity at 25° C. in the range from 92 to 175 mPa sec; and machiningthe ingot with the abrasive grains, interposed between the wire and theingot, by running and pressing the wire against the ingot.
 11. Themethod of claim 10, wherein said machining step includes lowering theingot against the wire while running and pressing the wire against theingot.
 12. A method for manufacturing rare earth alloy magnets includingan Nd—Fe—B compound, comprising the steps of: making a sinter out of arare earth magnetic alloy powder; and separating a plurality of rareearth alloy magnets from the sinter, said separating step comprising thesteps of: supplying slurry containing abrasive grains onto a wire; theslurry containing, as main component, oil in which the abrasive grainsare dispersed, and exhibiting a viscosity at 25° C. in the range from 92to 175 MPa sec; and machining the sinter with the abrasive grains,interposed between the wire and the sinter, by running and pressing thewire against the sinter.
 13. The method of claim 12, wherein saidmachining step includes lowering the sinter against the wire whilerunning and pressing the wire against the sinter.